Reflux, or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), is a common condition that affects up to 20% of adults on a weekly basis. It occurs when stomach contents, including acid, flow back into the oesophagus, causing uncomfortable symptoms such as heartburn and a sour or metallic taste in the mouth. While occasional reflux can happen to anyone, persistent and recurring symptoms may signal GORD, which can significantly impact quality of life.

Understanding the factors that contribute to reflux can help with prevention and effective treatment.

What Causes Reflux?

Lifestyle Factors

• Certain lifestyle habits are known to increase the likelihood of developing reflux. These include:

• Smoking: Weakens the lower oesophageal sphincter, allowing acid to flow back into the oesophagus.

• Alcohol consumption: Relaxes the sphincter and increases stomach acid production.

• Poor dietary habits: Eating large meals, consuming spicy or acidic foods, and eating late at night can exacerbate reflux.

Medical Conditions

Some medical conditions can contribute to the development of GORD, such as:

• Obesity: Extra abdominal pressure can push stomach contents upward.

• H. pylori infection: A bacterial infection that can disrupt stomach acid balance.

• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and delayed gastric emptying: Conditions that slow digestion and lead to increased pressure in the stomach.

Structural Abnormalities

Structural issues like a hiatus hernia are significant contributors to reflux. A hiatus hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest, disrupting the natural barrier that prevents reflux. Research indicates that nearly 70% of people with a hiatus hernia experience acid reflux.

Genetic Factors

A family history of GORD in immediate relatives may also increase the likelihood of developing the condition, highlighting a possible genetic predisposition.

Symptoms of GORD

The classic symptoms of GORD include:

• Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often worse when lying down or bending over.

• Regurgitation: A sour or bitter taste in the mouth due to stomach acid reflux.

Other, less common symptoms can include:

• Persistent cough

• Upper abdominal pain

• Sore throat

• Difficulty swallowing or feeling like food is stuck.

How is GORD Treated?

Treatment for GORD typically follows a stepped approach:

1. Lifestyle Changes

Small modifications can have a big impact on symptom relief:

• Weight loss for those who are overweight.

• Avoiding large evening meals and eating late at night.

• Reducing alcohol and caffeine intake.

• Smoking cessation.

• Avoiding trigger foods, such as acidic or spicy meals.

2. Medications

When lifestyle changes are insufficient, medications can help manage symptoms. These include:

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): Reduce stomach acid production.

• Antacids: Neutralise existing stomach acid for temporary relief.

• Prokinetics: Improve gastric emptying to reduce reflux episodes.

3. Surgical Intervention

For those who do not respond to lifestyle changes or medication—or prefer not to rely on long-term medication—surgical options may be considered. Anti-reflux surgery, such as fundoplication, reinforces the lower oesophageal sphincter to prevent reflux.

Dr Daniel Mafi and Anti-Reflux Surgery in Tauranga

At Bay Surgery, Dr Daniel Mafi offers expert care for patients struggling with persistent reflux. If lifestyle changes and medications have failed, or if you’re seeking a long-term solution, surgical intervention may be the right option. Dr Mafi specialises in anti-reflux procedures that can help restore your quality of life.

To learn more about your treatment options or to book a consultation, contact Bay Surgery in Tauranga today.

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